凤台组中的“管柱石”及其地质意义

在皖北上震旦统凤台组顶部发现一种特殊构造——管柱石。有人认为它是“蠕虫化石”、“海生动物潜穴”,并进而推断凤台组应属寒武纪的海相沉积。本研究结果认为管柱石系在凤台组成岩后,在地表或近地表环境下,经风化、溶蚀——沉积、充填而形成。非生物成因。不能用以确定地层时代,也不能籍以否定凤台组的冰川成因。虽然如此,它对说明其本身形成时的古地理、古气候和古构造环境还是很有意义的。     

Finding of ancient materials in Cathaysia and implication for the formation of Precambrian crust

U-Pb dating for fifty-six detrltsl zircons from a paragneiss in Nanxiong area, northern Guangdong Province, Indicates that the latest Neoproterozoic sediments in Cathaysia hinterland are composed of numerous Grenvillian and Necerchaean clasUc materials, as well as some Mesoproterozolc detritus. Minor Paleoarchaean （3.76 Ga） and Mesoarchaean （3.0-3.2 Ga） zircons, which are the oldest zircons In South China, also are firstly found in the sediments, suggesting that the Cathaysia Block may contsln very old materials. The Hf isotope compositions of thirty-seven zircons reveal that these clastlc materials have different origins. Minor zircons crystslllzed from magma generated from relatively juvenile crust, while the parental magma of most zircons was derived from ancient crust. Integration of U-Pb dating and Hf Isotope analysis of these zircons suggests that the generation of juvenile crust in the Cathaysia block mainly occurred at 2.5-2.6 Ga. Mesoarchaean （3.0-3.3 Ga）, late Paleoproterozolc （-1.8 Ga） and Paleoarchaean （-3.7 Ga） may also be important episodes of crustal growth. Grenvllllan magmatism is extremely Intense, but it mainly involved recycling of ancient crustal components with little formation of Juvenile crust. The marked presence of -2.1 Ga Hf model ages and the absence of the zircons with crystsllizatlon ages at -2.1 Ga suggest that the parental magma of many zircons was probably derived from the mixed source consisting of Neoarchaean and late Paleoproterozoic materlals.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气的运移特征

鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气运移是迄今研究比较薄弱的重要问题 .在前人工作的基础上 ,依据实际的地质和地球化学资料 ,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气的运移特征 .研究认为 ,以靖边为中心的中部气区是天然气运移的有利区 .奥陶系风化壳天然气的运移较为复杂 ,既有奥陶系来源天然气的侧向运移 ,又有上覆石炭—二叠系来源天然气的穿层运移 .这与研究区的构造演化、古流体等研究结果相吻合     

Petroleum enrichment characteristics in Ordovician carbonates in Lunnan area of Tarim Basin

Lunnan heave had experienced denudation during late Caledonian and Hercynian movements and reconstruction during Indosinian movement. Lunnan heave and its circumference areas are located on the direction of petroleum migration, and experienced three reservoir formation cycles that are divided by wave cycle: The first reservoir formation cycle is characterized by breakage, the second by alteration, and the third by enrichment. Three layers of dissolving-cave developed on the vertical in Lunnan area. Development degree of slit-cave system and their connectivity are important factors to control petroleum enrichment in the weathering crust reservoir. The area where dissolving-caves are communicated by silts and faults was a fine petroleum enrichment area, and water was often encountered in the area with isolation cave while drilling because of no oil and gas origin. The top part of the faulted-horst as a leaking area is bearing water area, and the higher part of slope nearing the top part of the faulted-horst as a high seepage area is a heavy oil area due to lack of fine caprock, and the lower part of slope and the platform are light and condensate oil area. The area with the middle-upper Ordovi-cian is the favorable area to explore original carbonate reservoir formed in the earlier stage. The best favorable petroleum enrichment area for carbonates is surrounding Lunnan heave along the slope down to the direction of sags. The precondition to discover petroleum in carbonates is accurately prognosticating the distribution area of silts and caves, and the key to improving the exploration success ratio is accurately recognizing silts and small faults.     

黄河上游重金属元素分布特征及生态风险评价

选取黄河沿至三湖河口14个采样断面, 分析溶解态、悬浮态和沉积态As, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb和Cd的分布特征及影响因素, 并评估其生态风险。黄河上游溶解态金属含量为ND(not detected)~5.496 μg/L (I类水), 悬浮态重金属含量为ND~1097.995 μg/g, 沉积态重金属含量为ND~75.524 μg/g。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)结果表明, 黄河上游溶解态重金属空间差异性显著, 悬浮态和沉积态重金属季节差异性显著。相关性分析结果表明, 黄河上游沉积物中Zn, Cu, Cr和Pb主要来源于自然作用, As和Cd存在一定程度的人为污染。水库的建立运行也影响黄河上游重金属分布趋势, 主要与大坝对悬浮物的截留作用、蓄水的稀释作用以及重金属在泥–水表面的分配作用有关。潜在生态风险指数评估结果表明, 黄河上游重金属生态风险整体上偏低, Cd和As贡献较大。     

Formation ages and source regions of the Palaeoproterozoic Gaofan,Hutuo and Dongjiao groups in the Wutai and Dongjiao areas of the North China Craton from SHRIMP U-Pb dating of detrital zircons: Resolution of debates over their stratigraphic relationships

This paper reports detrital zircon age distributions of meta-sedimentary rocks of the Gaofan, Hutuo and Dongjiao groups in the Wutai and Dongjiao areas of the North China Craton. Detrital zircons of a quartzite from the Gaofan Group are mainly ~2.5 Ga in age, with some ~2.7 Ga and older. A quartzite pebble from the basal conglomerate of the Hutuo Group is similar in detrital zircon age distribution to the quartzite of the Gaofan Group. For a meta-feldspar-quartz sandstone from the Dongjiao Group, the age of...     

哈拉哈塘潜山型油藏特征与成藏主控因素研究

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区地质条件复杂,油气资源丰富,是重要的油气勘探区。通过对哈拉哈塘潜山区哈8 井区的地质特征、油水分布特征以及对主控因素的分析研究,认为该区油水分布复杂,不具有分带性。从加里东到早海西期,奥陶系鹰山组-一间房组海相碳酸盐岩经历了多期岩溶的叠加改造,风化壳岩溶缝洞体储层发育,形成了良好的油气储存条件;潜山区奥陶系逐渐抬升剥蚀,鹰山组-一间房组储层之上的盖层的缺失与否对早期油藏的保存具有重要作用;断裂性质和局部构造控制了后期油气充注强度和油藏类型。多种控制因素使得哈801 井、哈8 井、哈802 井等形成了相对独立的油气运聚体系。对潜山区哈8 井区油气水特征的研究,有助于指导碳酸盐岩潜山型油气藏的勘探和开发。     

移动降雨条件下结皮对坡面产沙的影响机理

通过室内小尺度坡面(4m×1m)人工降雨物理模型,设计沿坡面上下移动的移动降雨工况进行产沙产流过程比对试验,对产流产沙量时空特性及侵蚀泥沙粒径特性进行分析,探讨不同降雨移动方向条件下结皮对坡面产沙过程的影响机理。结果显示:结皮发育造成产沙显著减少;降雨向上移动时,结皮发育成熟使峰值产沙提前出现,而向下移动时产沙峰值始终随产流峰值一起出现;向上移动降雨工况在雨强3.6×10-5 m/s时达到产沙峰值和等效泥沙浓度的最大值,而向下移动工况则对应更大的降雨强度;结皮发育在降雨初期对产沙成分的影响最明显,总体上产沙成分保持特定比例结构,粉粒最易受侵蚀,粘粒次之。研究表明:结皮发育是影响移动降雨条件下坡面产沙时空特性的重要因素。     

从风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取液提取稀土技术与发展

详细评述了从风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取液提取稀土方法,包括草酸沉淀法、碳酸氢铵沉淀法、沉淀浮选法、溶剂萃取法、离子交换法、液膜分离法及微生物吸附法等。草酸沉淀法因沉淀剂有毒、成本高,已被淘汰。碳酸盐沉淀法因沉淀剂无毒、成本低,成为目前生产实际中的应用方法,但仍存在氨氮污染,面临新挑战。对于溶剂萃取法和微生物吸附法等非沉淀提取法,已成为研究热点,符合绿色化学发展趋势,有良好应用前景。     

A new type of oceanic crust and its dynamical significance

Conclusions There are two types of oceanic crust: the “Troodos type” with stratiform and thick oceanic crust, characterized by the development of sheeted dike swarms and thick cumulative rocks; and the “Shuanggou type” with thin oceanic crust composed of mafic plutonic and volcanic rocks, without sheeted dike swarms and ultramafic cumulates. The different types of oceanic crust represent the different dynamic processes under the mid-oceanic ridges, which relate with not only the spreading velocity of oceanic plate, but also the formation and volume of magmas under spread ridges. It is suggested that the spreading velocity of oceanic plate is most probably related with the rock assemblage, not the composition of oceanic crust.